Te Huringa Kore-Mata: Ngā Tī Parahi kua Whakamanahia e te UKCA mō te Haumaru o te Wai Inu

He āwangawanga tonu te pānga o te mata ki te wai inu o te UK, nā te mea i kitea i roto i ngā whakamātautau tata nei e 14 o roto i te 81 o ngā kura he nui ake te taumata mata i te 50 µg/L—e rima ngā wā i te nui rawa atu i tūtohutia. He tiwhikete UKCA, kāore he mata.ngā hononga tī parahiāwhina ki te aukati i aua tūponotanga, me te tautoko i te hauora tūmatanui me ngā paerewa ture pakari mō te haumaru o te pūnaha wai.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ka ārai ngā hononga parahi kore-mata, kua whakamanahia e te UKCA, i te parahanga kino o te mata ki roto i te wai inu, ā, ka tiaki i te hauora, inā koa mō ngā tamariki me ngā wāhine hapu.
• Mā ngā hononga tī parahi ka kaha, ka ātete hoki ngā hononga ki ngā pūnaha paipa, ā, mā ngā putanga kore-mata ka roa, ka haumaru, ka whai hua hoki ki te taiao.
• Mā te tiwhikete UKCA ka oati te tutuki o ngā taputapu i ngā paerewa haumaru me te kounga o te UK, ka āwhina i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaimahi paipa ki te whakatutuki i ngā ture me te tautoko i te tuku wai haumaru.

He aha te Hiranga o ngā Hononga Tī Parahi Kore-Mata, kua Whakamanahia e te UKCA

Ngā Mōrearea Hauora o te Mata i roto i te Wai Inu

He tino mōrearea te poke o te mata i roto i te wai inu, inā koa mō ngā rōpū ngoikore pēnei i ngā tamariki me ngā wāhine hapu. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau pūtaiao ahakoa he iti noa te pānga o te mata ka pā kino pea.

• Ko ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e te mata, ka pāngia pea rātou e ngā ngoikoretanga io me ngā ngoikoretanga hinengaro, tae atu ki te ngoikore o te IQ, te kore aro, te ngoikoretanga ako, me ngā raruraru whanonga.
• Ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā pakeke ki te toto toto tiketike, te kino o ngā whatukuhu, ngā mate pūnaha toto me ngā raruraru whānau.
• He nui ake te tūponotanga ka materoto ā-whānau, ka whānau wawe, me ngā mate whanaketanga o ā rātou tamariki mēnā ka pāngia e te wai kua poke i te mata.
• Ahakoa he iti noa te kukū, ka pā kino pea ki te hauora mō te wā roa mō ngā reanga katoa.

Nā te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao me te Tari Tiaki Taiao o Amerika i whakatakoto ngā taumata mata mōrahi e whakaaetia ana i roto i te wai inu (0.01 mg/L me te 0.015 mg/L, ia) nā ēnei mōrearea. I kitea e ngā rangahau, pērā i tētahi i mahia i Hamburg, Tiamana, he hononga tika i waenga i te mata i roto i te wai paipa me ngā taumata mata teitei i roto i te toto. Nā ngā wawaotanga pērā i te horoi wai, te huri rānei ki te wai pounamu i tino whakaiti i ngā kukū mata i roto i te toto. E whakaatu ana ēnei kitenga i te hiranga o te whakakore i ngā pūtake mata i roto i ngā pūnaha wai hei tiaki i te hauora o te marea.

Te Hiranga o ngā Hononga Tī Parahi i roto i ngā Pūnaha Wai

He mea nui te mahi a ngā hononga parahi i roto i ngā pūnaha tohatoha wai mō ngā whare noho me ngā whare pakihi.

• Ko te parahi, he koranu o te parahi me te konutea, he ātete pai ki te waikura me te ngāwari ki te whakangawari, he mea tino pai mō ngā mahi paipa wai.
• Ka hono pono ēnei taputapu i ngā paipa, ka taea ai te whakawhiti maeneene i waenga i ngā rauemi paipa rerekē, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarite i ngā whakatakotoranga paipa uaua.
• Ka whakahaeretia e ngā hononga tī parahi te rere o te wai, ka pupuri i te pumau o te pūnaha i raro i te pēhanga me te pāmahana tiketike, ā, ka whakarato i ngā hiri piri, ātete hoki ki te turuturu.
• Nā te roa me te ātete ki te waikura ka roa ake te ora o ngā pūnaha paipa, ka whakaiti i te hiahia ki te tiaki me te whakakapi.
• Mā te momo tī uniana ka māmā ake te wetewete me te huihui anō, ka māmā ake te mahi tiaki me te kore e whakararuraru i te pūnaha katoa.
• Ka taea hoki te hangarua i ngā hononga tī parahi, e tautoko ana i te oranga tonutanga o te taiao.

Mā te whakarite i ngā hononga pono me te mahi a te pūnaha, ka āwhina ēnei taputapu ki te ārai i ngā turuturu me te poke, he mea nui tēnei hei pupuri i te kounga me te haumaru o te wai.

Ngā Painga o ngā Hononga Tī Parahi Kore-Mata

He maha ngā painga o ngā hononga parahi kore-mata ki ngā hononga parahi tuku iho e mau ana pea he mata.

• Haumaru: Ka whakakorea e ēnei taputapu te mōrearea o te paihana mata mā te ārai i te mata paitini kei poke i te wai inu, ā, ka tiakina ai te hauora o te tangata.
• Te Pakari: Ka mau tonu te ātete o te parahi kore-mata ki te waikura me te horo, kia roa ai te mahi i roto i ngā taiao pūnaha wai uaua.
• Te Ātaahua ki te Taiao: Mā te karo i ngā para kino e pā ana ki te mata, ka whakaitihia e ēnei taputapu te pānga ki te taiao, ā, ka tautokona hoki ngā whāinga oranga tonutanga.
• Ngā Ture Whakatutuki: Ka tutuki ngā hononga parahi kore-mata i ngā whakaritenga ture, pērā i te Ture Whakaiti i te Mata i roto i te Wai Inu, e whakawhāiti ana i te nui o te mata ki te kore e neke atu i te 0.25% te taumaha i roto i ngā mata mākū. He mea nui tēnei ture mō ngā hanganga hou me ngā whakahoutanga.
• Ngā Hua Hauora Pai Ake: Mā te whakaiti i te pānga o te mata ki ngā pūnaha wai ka whakatairanga i te hauora me te haumaru o te hapori whānui.

E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau hou, ahakoa ngā taputapu e hokohokohia ana he kore-mata, ka taea e rātou te tuku i te iti o te mata, inā koa i muri i ngā tukanga tāutanga pēnei i te tapahi, te whakakanapa rānei. Heoi, ko ngā taputapu parahi kore-mata kua whakamanahia e te UKCA ka whakamatautauria me te whakahaere kounga, kia whakaitihia ai tēnei mōrearea me te whakarite i ngā paerewa teitei o te haumaru wai. Ka tukuna hoki e ēnei hua kua whakamanahia he roa ake te mau o te ora me te roa ake o ngā pūtāhui ki te whakataurite ki ngā momo kore-whaimana, e whakarato ana i te rangimarie o te hinengaro mō ngā kaiwhakauru me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.

Te Whakatutukitanga, te Tiwhikete, me te Whakawhiti mō ngā Hononga Tī Parahi

Te Mārama ki te Tiwhikete UKCA me tōna Hiranga

Kua noho te tiwhikete UKCA hei paerewa hou mō ngā hua paramu i Peretānia Nui mai i te Hanuere 2021. E whakaū ana tēnei tohu e tutuki ana ngā hua i ngā whakaritenga haumaru, hauora, me te taiao o te UK. He mea whakahau te tiwhikete UKCA mō te nuinga o ngā taonga, tae atu ki ngā Taputapu Tī Parahi, e tukuna ana ki te mākete o te UK. I te wā whakawhiti, ka whakaaetia ngā tohu UKCA me te CE tae noa ki te 31 o Tīhema, 2024. Whai muri i tēnei rā, ko te UKCA anake ka whakamanahia i Peretānia Nui. Me whai tohu e rua ngā hua mō Te Tai Tokerau o Airana. Mā tēnei huringa ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā Taputapu Tī Parahi ki ngā ture ā-rohe, ā, kia mau tonu hoki ngā paerewa haumaru teitei.

Ngā Ture me ngā Paerewa Matua (UKCA, NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, BSEN1254-1, Ngā Aratohu a te EU/UK)

He maha ngā ture me ngā paerewa e whakarite ana i te haumaru me te kounga o ngā taputapu wai inu. E hiahiatia ana e te Ture 4 o ngā Ture Whakarato Wai (Ngā Taputapu Wai) 1999 kia ārai i te poke me te whakamahi hē. Kaua ngā hua e mimiti i ngā matū kino, ā, me tutuki ki ngā Paerewa o Peretānia, ki ngā whakaritenga kua whakaaetia rānei. Ka whakamātautauhia, ka whakamanahia hoki e ngā whakahaere tiwhikete pēnei i a WRAS, KIWA, me NSF ngā hua, me te whakarato i te whakapumautanga ka mau tonu te kounga o te wai i ngā Taputapu Tī Parahi. Ka whakatakotohia e ngā paerewa pēnei i a NSF/ANSI/CAN 372 me BSEN1254-1 he herenga pakari mō te ihirangi mata me te mahi ā-ringa.

Tiwhikete, Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau, me te Whakahaere Kounga (Tae atu ki te Tātari XRF)

Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā tikanga whakamātautau matatau hei manatoko i te ihirangi mata i roto i ngā Wāhanga Tī Parahi. Ko te tātari hihi-X (XRF) he tikanga matua kore-whakangaro. Ka whakarato i ngā hua tere, tika hoki mō te hanganga huānga, tae atu ki ngā taumata mata. Ka taea e ngā tātari XRF ringaringa te manatoko i te wāhi i te wā whakaputa, hei tautoko i te whakapumautanga kounga. Ko ētahi atu tikanga ko te tirotiro tirohanga mō ngā hapa mata me te whakamātautau miihini mō te kaha. Ka tukuna e te tātari matū, pērā i te matū mākū, ngā pakaru taipitopito o te koranu. Mā ēnei tukanga ka whakarite kia tutuki ngā hononga i ngā paerewa ture, ā, kāore e tūpono he mōrearea ki te hauora.

Ngā Wero Whakawhiti me ngā Otinga mō ngā Kaihanga me ngā Kaimahi Paipa

He maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā kaihanga ina neke atu ki ngā Hononga Tī Parahi kore-mata, kua whakamanahia e te UKCA:

• Me tutuki e rātou ngā ture tino pakari, me te whakawhāiti i te nui o te mata ki te 0.25% te taumaha.
• He mea ā-ture te tiwhikete ki ngā paerewa pēnei i te NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he arotake a te hunga tuatoru.
• He mea tino nui te whakahaere kounga, inā koa ka whakamahia ngā konganuku hangarua.
• Ka whakakapia te mata e ngā hanganga koranu hou ki ngā huānga pēnei i te silicon, te bismuth rānei hei pupuri i te mahi.
• Me tohu mārama e ngā kaihanga, me wehewehe hoki i waenga i ngā hononga kore-mata me ngā hononga kore-mata.
• Mā ngā whakamātautau matatau, pērā i te XRF, ka āwhina i te manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.

Me mārama ngā kaimahi paipa ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā momo tāutanga, ā, me whakarite kia tika te tāutanga. Mā te tapanga mārama me te ako tonu ka āwhina i te karo i ngā take ture me te tiaki i te hauora tūmatanui.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā taputapu kore-mata kua whakamanahia e te UKCA ki te tiaki i te hauora o te iwi whānui, me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture. Mā te whakahaere mōrearea me te piri ki ngā paerewa e whanake haere ana ka āwhina i ngā kaipupuri ki te karo i ngā whiu ture, te whakaiti i ngā hapa whakahaere, me te pupuri i te whakawhirinaki. Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā hua kua whakamanahia he whakaatu i te kawenga, ā, e tautoko ana i te puna wai haumaru ake, pakari ake.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te tikanga o te kupu "kore-mata" mō ngā hononga tī parahi?

Ko te tikanga o te "kore-mata" kāore e neke atu i te 0.25% te mata i roto i te parahi mākū. Ka tutuki tēnei i ngā paerewa hauora me te haumaru mō ngā pūnaha wai inu.

Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā kaimahi paipa te tautuhi i ngā tī parahi kore-mata kua whakamanahia e te UKCA?

Ka taea e ngā kaimahi paipa te tirotiro mēnā kei runga i te takai hua, kei runga rānei i te taputapu tonu te tohu UKCA. Ka whakaū hoki ngā tuhinga tiwhikete mai i ngā kaiwhakarato i te tutuki i ngā ture o te UK.

Ka pāngia te reka, te kounga rānei o te wai e ngā hononga parahi kore-mata?

Kāore ngā hononga parahi kore-mata e whakarerekē i te reka, i te haunga rānei o te wai. Ka pupuri i te kounga me te haumaru o te wai, ka tautoko i te tutuki i ngā ture me te whakapono o ngā kaihoko.